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Chetan Travels proved best tour and travel service in Noida, Transport rental service in Noida for a memorable and enjoyable travel experience. Tour and travels near my location.

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Taobao: Taobao is an online marketplace allowing individuals and other small businesses to sell their products online. This Chinese platform's headquarter is in Hangzhou, and Alibaba owns it. According to the Alexa rank, it is the eighth-most popular website worldwide. It primarily operates as a consumer-to-consumer (C2C) platform, enabling individuals to set up virtual stores and sell directly to customers. Taobao offers a wide range of products, including fashion, electronics, home goods, beauty products, and more. It is known for its extensive selection, competitive prices, and vibrant community of buyers and sellers. Taobao operates on a hybrid ecommerce model comprising auctions and retail product sales. The product listings on Taobao include clothes, technology, home decoration items, office supplies, shoes, furniture, etc.
Tmall: Tmall, or Tmall.com or Tmall Global, is an online marketing platform primarily focusing on business-to-consumer (B2C) businesses. It is the largest B2C platform in China, with more than 500 million registered customers. It provides well-established brands and retailers a platform to sell their products directly to consumers. Tmall offers many products from broad categories, including fashion, electronics, beauty, home goods, and luxury items. It is known for its product authenticity, quality, and premium shopping experience. The brand success of Tmall strongly drives by the integrity and approach of "Flagship Store."
Ecommerce product data scraping services scrape several valuable data. Taobao and Tmall are widely used in China and have a significant presence in the Chinese e-commerce market. They offer a range of features and services to facilitate online shopping, such as secure payment options, customer reviews, seller ratings, and buyer protection programs. If you are looking for web scraping e-commerce websites, iWeb Data Scraping is a perfect solution. The company has become a market leader and still holds that position. Comprising unlimited data, the best option to collect information from this website is to scrape products from Tmall.com.

List of Data Fields

Major data fields scraped from Taobao/Tmall website are:

• Product Name
• Each Variant - Name, Price & Stock
• Domestic Logistic shipping fee
• Product Description including Images
• Comments
• Ratings
• Bar Code
• Item Id
• SKU

By store:

• General Information about the store
• Comments
• List of products

Importance of Scraping Taobao/Tmall

There are several advantages of Taobao web data scraping. Some of them are listed below:
Competitive Analysis: By scraping Taobao/Tmall, you can collect data on competitors' product offerings, pricing strategies, promotions, and customer reviews. It allows you to gain detailed insights into the market, identify trends, and make informed decisions to stay competitive.
Perform Market Research: Taobao/Tmall is a vast marketplace with many products. Scraping product data from Taobao can provide valuable information on market demand, popular categories, and consumer preferences. This data can help you identify opportunities, analyze market trends, and tailor your product offerings to meet customer needs.
Price Monitoring and Optimization: Scraping Taobao/Tmall using Taobao/Tmall scraper allows you to track product prices and identify pricing patterns. You can monitor price fluctuations, compare prices across different sellers, and optimize your pricing strategy accordingly. It helps you remain competitive and maximize profitability.
Inventory Management: By scraping Taobao/Tmall, you can monitor product availability, stock levels, and frequency of restocking. This information is essential for effective inventory management, ensuring you have the right products in stock and minimizing stockouts or excess inventory.
Product Catalog Management: Scraping Taobao/Tmall can help you build or enhance your product catalog. You can extract detailed product information, including titles, descriptions, images, and specifications. It enables you to create product listings, improve searchability, and enhance customer experience.
Personalized Marketing: By analyzing scraped data, you can gain insights into customer preferences, buying patterns, and demographics. This information helps tailor your marketing and advertising efforts, target specific customer segments, and deliver personalized promotions or recommendations.
Research & Analysis: Taobao product data scraping services enable easy access to a vast amount of data valid for research. It is helpful for academic studies, market research reports, data analysis projects, and other research-oriented activities.

About Taobao Scraper

Taobao Tmall data scraper can automate the data extraction process from Taobao's website. This web scraper uses scraping techniques to navigate product pages, collect relevant information, and store it in the desired format for further analysis.
Listed below are the significant roles of Taobao API-web scraping data scraper
Data Collection: The scraper collects data from product pages, including product titles, prices, descriptions, reviews, images, etc. All this data is essential for performing competitive analysis, market research, and other business-related intelligence purposes.
Data integration and automation: The data extracted by a Taobao Tmall product data scraper combines with other systems, like e-commerce platforms or analytics tools. Taobao Tmall's real-time scraper API will allow automated data processing, analysis, and streamlining of business operations.

Working of Taobao API and Importance of Scraping Taobao/Tmall Data Using Python

Taobao and Tmall are both owned by Alibaba Group. It is a multinational conglomerate based in China specializing in technology, ecommerce, and several industries. The Taobao API facilitates B2B eCommerce across websites and mobile application. The API needs user verification of the appliocation and avoid the lengthy steps for sign up.
Follow these steps to scrape Taobao/Tmall data using Python.

• Make sure you have Python installed on your system. You will need to install two libraries: requests and beautifulsoup4. You can install them using the pip command.
• Use the requests library to send an HTTP GET request to the Taobao webpage you want to scrape.
• Create a BeautifulSoup object by passing the HTML content from the response
• Inspect the webpage to identify the HTML structure of the data you want to scrape. It will help you locate the relevant HTML elements and their attributes.
• Use the BeautifulSoup method to extract the desired data from the HTML structure.
• Depending on your requirements, you may need to navigate through multiple pages or handle pagination.
• You can store the scraped data in a file, or a database per your needs.

For more information, get in touch with iWeb Data Scraping now! You can also reach us for all your web scraping service and mobile app data scraping requirements.
know more : https://www.iwebdatascraping.com/how-to-scrape-taobao-tmall-data-using-python.php
#ScrapeTaobao/TmallDataUsingPython #Taobaoproductdatascrapingservices #TaobaoTmallProductDataScraper #ScrapingproductdatafromTaobao #WebScrapingEcommerceWebsites #Ecommerceproductdatascrapingservices #scrapeproductsfromTmall.com.

These are "clubbed begonias" I believe. I bought them in Home Depot because they were cheap. They had a "full sun" sign so I planted them where they would receive direct sunlight for 6+ hours. They looked so nice in the store but when I planted them, it only took about 1 week for them to look like this. What are my plants trying to tell me? What should I do?
-I planted them with regular outdoor potting soil -Location is Northwest FL, it rains about once a week on my plants. I water them every 3-4 days when it doesn't rain.
Disclaimer, I am a plant super-newbie and would love to learn how to properly care for plants. 🥹 Thank you in advance

Commercial Real Estate Investment
Have you ever thought about diving into the exciting world of commercial real estate but need to know how?
Well, you're in for a treat!
Commercial real estate has much to offer, whether you're seeking to diversify your portfolio or generate a steady income stream. In this blog, we'll dig deep into the ins and outs of commercial property investment, equipping you with the knowledge to make savvy decisions and navigate the market like a pro.
So, let's get ready to unlock the potential of commercial real estate and discover if it's the right avenue for your investment goals.

What is a Commercial Property?

Before diving in, let's demystify "commercial property."
Commercial properties are specifically designed and used for business purposes. They are income-generating assets that operate on renting or leasing space to tenants who run their businesses or provide services from these premises.
This could include spaces such as:

• Multifamily apartment complexes for residents.
• Business office spaces for daily operations,
• Retail spaces to sell goods and produces,
• Industrial warehouses to store and distribute goods,
• Hotel accommodations with hospitality services, and

These diverse properties fall under the umbrella of commercial real estate. They serve as business hubs, generating revenue through rent or lease payments from the enterprises that call them home.
According to a report by Statista, the global commercial real estate market was valued at 35 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022. It encompasses various sectors, including office, retail, industrial, hospitality, and multifamily properties.
What distinguishes commercial properties from residential properties is their purpose of serving the needs of businesses. Commercial properties provide spaces for businesses to thrive. Their main aim is to generate revenue through rental or lease payments from other businesses.
Is commercial real estate a good investment?
Let’s find out by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of investing in commercial property:

Pros of Investing in Commercial Property

Advantages of Investing in Commercial Real Estate

• Potential for Higher Returns: Commercial properties offer higher rental yields than residential properties. On average, the annual returns range from 6% to 12%, whereas residential properties yield 1% to 4%.
• Longer Lease Terms: Commercial leases have longer durations, providing stability and consistent cash flow. The tenants even commit to extended lease agreements.
• Professional Relationships: Investing in commercial real estate allows you to attract reputable, financially stable businesses as tenants. You can foster professional relationships and ensure reliable income streams.
• Diversification: Commercial properties provide an opportunity to diversify your investment portfolio. It reduces risk when you spread it across different sectors.
• Potential for Value Appreciation: Well-located commercial properties have the potential for significant long-term value appreciation as they benefit from economic growth and urban development.

Cons of Investing in Commercial Real Estate

Disadvantages of Investing in Commercial Real Estate

• High Initial Investment: Commercial properties require an upfront investment for acquisition, renovations, and ongoing maintenance.
• Great Market Volatility: Commercial real estate markets can be volatile. They are subject to economic fluctuations and market volatility, impacting rental rates and property values.
• Extended Vacancy Periods: Finding the right business tenants for commercial spaces may take time. It can lead to extended vacancy periods of such spaces.
• Increased Management Responsibility: Managing commercial properties can become tedious when handling issues such as complex leases, maintenance issues, and negotiations with business tenants.
• Market Sensitivity: Commercial real estate is sensitive to economic conditions, industry trends, and changes in consumer behavior. It requires consistency and adaptability.

investing in commercial property is challenging; however, learning about its advantages and disadvantages equips you to make informed decisions.

So, how can you get into commercial real estate investing?

Getting into commercial real estate investing requires careful planning and consideration. Here are some steps to help you get started:

1. Learn and understand the commercial real estate market.
2. Set clear investment goals and objectives.
3. Build a network with real estate professionals and industry experts.
4. Assess your financial capacity to determine funds for investment.
5. Conduct market research to identify target markets.
6. Develop an investment strategy based on market research.
7. Secure financing through commercial loans or partnerships.
8. Start small and gradually scale up your investments.

Final Thought

Commercial real estate offers compelling opportunities with high returns, long lease terms, professional relationships, diversification benefits, and value appreciation.
You should remember that the initial investment required is higher and is subject to economic conditions that take time to develop.
However, by balancing the risks and rewards, you can confidently navigate the commercial real estate investment world and unlock the potential for long-term success.

This is from gunviolencearchive.org. If we were to change the term Car Accident to Vehicular Violence and apply this same definition with vehicles, I wonder how much more it would outweigh "gun violence". Anytime a vehicle kills someone, hits someone, hits another vehicle, or someone threatens to hit someone or something with their vehicle, it's Vehicular Violence, even if it's accidental because it's "violent in nature". If you're gonna hold something under scrutiny, hold EVERYTHING under that same level of scrutiny.
As a side note, I've personally known 2 people who got shot outside of military/police service. One got shot point blank with a shotgun by his buddy while he was trying to clean a gun. He survived. Another ND'd into his foot, again while trying to clean a firearm. Also survived. I've had 5 people I know killed by vehicles. One was pregnant so 6 if you like. I've known 3 people that had lifelong traumatic injuries caused by vehicles. One is paralyzed from the waist down. One had both legs amputated after the engine block crushed his legs. And one had a TBI and burns and still hasn't been all the way there mentally ever since.

As we know, logistic management systems play a crucial role in ensuring smooth warehouse operations and delivery management. These systems encompass various tools and technologies that help optimise transportation routes, track shipments, manage carriers, and monitor delivery status. By integrating these technologies with a warehouse management system (WMS), businesses can achieve end-to-end visibility and control the entire supply chain, leading to improved customer satisfaction, reduced costs, and enhanced operational efficiency.
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Transforming Warehousing
VR and AR technologies can be used for training warehouse staff, simulating layouts, and enhancing order picking accuracy and speed. Voice picking and voice-directed warehouse operations allow workers to receive instructions and communicate with warehouse systems using voice commands, improving productivity and accuracy. The utilisation of barcode or radio frequency identification (RFID) readers in warehouse operations can have a profound impact on improving transaction accuracy and reducing picking errors. These technologies provide reliable and efficient methods for tracking inventory and ensuring precise inventory management. Barcode readers are widely used in warehouses to capture and decode information encoded in barcodes attached to products or storage locations.
When a barcode is scanned, the reader quickly and accurately captures the data, allowing for seamless identification of items and their associated information. This technology enables warehouse personnel to precisely locate and track inventory, minimising errors caused by manual data entry or visual identification. The University of Arkansas conducted a study called the "Consumer-Driven Supply Network (CDSN) initiative" which focused on the use of RFID in retail environments. The study found that the implementation of RFID technology led to a 26% reduction in out-of-stocks, thereby improving inventory accuracy and enhancing operational efficiency.
Robots can be utilised for various tasks, including picking, packing, sorting, and palletizing. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) can streamline material movement within the warehouse. This reduces the time required for put-away activities and helps maintain an organised and easily accessible inventory. IoT devices, such as sensors and smart tags, can be deployed in warehouses to monitor environmental conditions (temperature, humidity), track assets, and optimise resource allocation.
Route optimization is a critical aspect of warehouse operations, especially in large or complex facilities where there may be a multitude of aisles, racks, and storage locations. By leveraging a route optimization software, businesses can automate and optimise the routing process, ensuring that workers follow the most efficient paths to complete their picking or put-away tasks. When it comes to picking, it can help analyse various factors such as product locations, order priorities, and proximity to minimise travel time and maximise productivity. By intelligently grouping orders or batch-picking items, the system can suggest the most efficient sequence of picks, reducing unnecessary backtracking and optimising the use of time and resources. Streamlined approaches minimise worker fatigue and increases the number of orders that can be fulfilled within a given timeframe. Similarly, in the put-away process, technology can help in locating optimal routes for moving items from receiving areas to their designated storage locations.
Unlocking Logistics Potential
Warehousing plays a crucial role in the success of businesses across various industries. The benefits it offers are extensive and can significantly impact the overall efficiency, profitability, and customer satisfaction of an organisation. First and foremost, warehousing enables businesses to effectively manage their inventory. By providing a centralised storage location, warehouses ensure that goods are stored in a systematic manner, making it easier to track, organise, and retrieve items when needed. This leads to improved inventory control, reduced stockouts, and enhanced order fulfilment capabilities.
With well-designed warehouse layouts and optimised processes, businesses can streamline the flow of products from suppliers to customers. This not only reduces transportation costs but also minimises handling and storage expenses. Warehousing also allows for consolidation and cross-docking, enabling businesses to achieve economies of scale and maximise operational efficiency. Its benefits extend beyond storage and inventory management, impacting the entire supply chain. When combined with advanced logistic management systems, warehousing becomes a powerful tool for businesses to stay competitive in today's dynamic marketplace.
Blog Reference: https://roadcast.in/blog/Enhancing_Deliveries_With_Warehousing_Technologies.html

June 7, 2023~Bloom Energy, Perenco to Deploy Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in the United Kingdom~

Bloom Energy, Perenco to Deploy Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in the United Kingdom Business Wire
The Bloom Energy Server® platform, to be delivered in late 2023, will be installed at Wytch Farm in Dorset, England, the largest onshore oil field in western Europe, where it will be used to support Perenco’s baseload requirements. (Photo: Business Wire)
SAN JOSE, Calif. & LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Bloom Energy (NYSE:BE) has signed an agreement with Perenco to install 2.5 megawatts (MW) of Bloom’s solid oxide fuel cells at a site in England. Perenco is a leading independent hydrocarbon company, producing 500,000 BOE of oil and gas per day from its operations in 14 partner countries.
The Bloom Energy Server® platform, to be delivered in late 2023, will be installed at Wytch Farm in Dorset, England, the largest onshore oil field in western Europe, where it will be used to support Perenco’s baseload requirements. The agreement marks the first deployment of Bloom fuel cell technology in the United Kingdom.
“This is an important step that will demonstrate how our solid oxide fuel cell technology supports the resilience and sustainability goals of our energy-intensive clients,” said Tim Schweikert, Senior Managing Director of International Business Development at Bloom Energy.
“Perenco has always been a pioneer in innovation and long-term investment in the countries where we operate,” said Benoit de la Fouchardiere, Perenco CEO. “Today’s announcement is another important step as we continue to reduce our emissions wherever we work. We look forward to a successful initial deployment at Wytch Farm and to then expanding the use of the technology into other global operations sites.”
The agreement with Perenco is another major step in Bloom’s expansion in Europe, following the recent sales agreement for northern Europe with Elugie, a marketing partnership agreement with Telam for Spain and Portugal, and energy platform sales to Cefla and Ferrari in Italy announced in 2022.
For more information about the Bloom Energy Server, see https://www.bloomenergy.com/technology/.

JUNE 6, 2023 ~Westinghouse and Bloom Energy Sign Letter of Intent to Accelerate Zero-Carbon, Large-Scale Hydrogen Production in the Nuclear Industry~

Bloom Energy - Bloom Energy Demonstrates Hydrogen Production with the World’s Largest and Most Efficient Solid Oxide Electrolyzer
CRANBERRY TOWNSHIP, Pa. & SAN JOSE, Calif. – June 6, 2022 – Westinghouse Electric Company and Bloom Energy Corporation (NYSE:BE) today announced that they have entered into a Letter of Intent to pursue clean hydrogen production in the commercial nuclear power market. The companies are teaming to identify and implement clean hydrogen projects across the nuclear industry.
Westinghouse and Bloom Energy will jointly develop an optimized and large-scale high temperature integrated electrolysis solution for the nuclear industry. With the ability to operate 24/7 and provide high-quality steam input, nuclear plants are well-positioned to utilize electrolyzer technology and produce substantial quantities of clean hydrogen with minimal disruption to current, ongoing operations.
“Through this collaboration, we are committed to delivering an economical solution for large-scale hydrogen production in the nuclear industry, which further supports the path to net zero carbon emissions,” said Pam Cowan, Westinghouse President of Americas Operating Plant Services.
“We are proud Westinghouse has turned to Bloom and our solid oxide technology to supercharge the clean hydrogen economy,” said Rick Beuttel, vice president, hydrogen business, Bloom Energy. “Solid oxide technology is well suited for nuclear applications, efficiently harnessing steam to further improve the economics of hydrogen production. High temperature electrolysis is already garnering attention and accolades as a cost-effective and viable solution to create low-cost, clean hydrogen, which is critical to meeting aggressive decarbonization goals.”
Global demand for hydrogen and its emerging applications is projected to increase tenfold or more by 2050, surpassing the current infrastructure for producing and delivering hydrogen. As hydrogen usage expands from traditional industrial uses to the fuel of a clean future, the need to produce it in larger quantities and from low- and zero-carbon sources is clear.
The hydrogen produced in nuclear plants can be utilized to serve many industries such as renewable fuels production, oil and metals refining, ammonia synthesis, mining operations, and mobility in sectors such as heavy trucks, buses, and even air travel. The companies also are well positioned to support the U.S. Department of Energy’s developing hydrogen hubs.
About WestinghouseWestinghouse Electric Company is shaping the future of carbon-free energy by providing safe, innovative nuclear technologies to utilities globally. Westinghouse supplied the world’s first commercial pressurized water reactor in 1957 and the company’s technology is the basis for nearly one-half of the world’s operating nuclear plants. Over 135 years of innovation makes Westinghouse the preferred partner for advanced technologies covering the complete nuclear energy life cycle. For more information, visit www.westinghousenuclear.com and follow us on Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter.
About Bloom EnergyBloom Energy empowers businesses and communities to responsibly take charge of their energy. The company’s leading solid oxide platform for distributed generation of electricity and hydrogen is changing the future of energy. Fortune 100 companies around the world turn to Bloom Energy as a trusted partner to deliver lower carbon energy today and a net-zero future. For more information, visit www.bloomenergy.com.

MAY 7, 2023~World’s largest solid oxide electrolyzer begins producing hydrogen~

World’s largest solid oxide electrolyzer begins producing hydrogen (hydrogentechworld.com)

Bloom Energy has begun generating hydrogen from the world’s largest solid oxide electrolyzer installation at NASA’s Ames Research Center. This high-temperature unit produces 20–25% more hydrogen per MW than commercially demonstrated lower-temperature electrolyzers such as PEM or alkaline

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This electrolyzer demonstration showcases the maturity, efficiency and commercial readiness of Bloom’s solid oxide technology for large-scale, clean hydrogen production. The 4 MW Bloom Electrolyzer™, delivering the equivalent of over 2.4 tonnes per day of hydrogen output, was built, installed and operationalized in a span of two months to demonstrate the speed and ease of deployment.
“This demonstration is a major milestone for reaching net-zero goals,” said KR Sridhar, Ph.D., Founder, Chairman and CEO of Bloom Energy. “Hydrogen will be essential for storing intermittent and curtailed energy and for decarbonizing industrial energy use. Commercially viable electrolyzers are the key to unlocking the energy storage puzzle, and solid oxide electrolyzers offer inherently superior technology and economic advantages. Bloom Energy, as the global leader in solid oxide technology, is proud to share this exciting demonstration with the world: our product is ready for prime time.”
The current demonstration expands on Bloom’s recent project on a 100 kW system located at the Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL), which achieved record-breaking electrolyzer efficiency. In the ongoing project, 4,500 hours of full load operations have been completed with a Bloom Electrolyzer™, producing hydrogen more efficiently than any other process – over 25% more efficiently than low-temperature electrolysis.
The INL steam and load simulations replicated nuclear power conditions to validate full capability of technology application at nuclear facilities, and the pilot results revealed the Bloom Electrolyzer producing hydrogen at 37.7 kWh per kg of hydrogen. Dynamic testing conducted at INL included ramping down the system from 100 percent of rated power to 5 percent in less than 10 minutes without adverse system impacts. Even at 5 percent of rated load, the energy efficiency (kWh/kg) was as good or better than other electrolyzer technologies at their 100% rated capacity. These results will be presented at the Department of Energy’s Annual Review Meeting in Washington DC on 7 June 2023.
Dr. Ravi Prasher, CTO of Bloom Energy, said: “The amount of electricity needed by the electrolyzer to make hydrogen will be the most dominant factor in determining hydrogen production cost. For this reason, the efficiency of the electrolyzer, the electricity needed to produce a kilogram of hydrogen becomes the most critical figure of merit. This 4 MW demonstration at the NASA Ames Research Center proves that the energy efficiency of our large-scale electrolyzer is similar to the small-scale system tested at INL highlighting the strength of our modular architecture. The electrolyzer product is leveraging the Bloom platform knowhow of more than 1 GW of solid oxide fuel cells deployed in the field and providing approximately 1 trillion cumulative cell operating hours. The same technology platform that can convert natural gas and hydrogen to electricity can be used reversibly to convert electricity to hydrogen. With Bloom’s high-efficiency, high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzers, we are one step closer to a decarbonized future powered by low-cost clean hydrogen.”
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April 5, 2022 ~Scandium emerges from the shadows~

Scandium emerges from the shadows - MMTA

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Scandium has long been considered an “if” metal. If only it were available in quantity, it could transform aircraft production and fuel consumption. If only it were available in quantity, it could speed the emerging hydrogen economy. If only it were available in quantity, it could accelerate the rollout of 5G technologies. And so on.

The view has been that scandium could be used in numerous large-volume applications, if only supplies were sufficient to meet the potential demand. Manufacturers regularly cited a lack of sufficient scandium supply as the reason why they did not roll out new uses and products containing scandium.
After a near-mythic role in the 1980s (as a strengthening agent in aluminium alloys deployed in the last generation of Soviet MiG fighter aircraft and even, reputedly, in ballistic missile nosecones), scandium entered the banal in the 1990s, in sporting goods and, bizarrely, hand guns.

Bloom Energy turned the tide starting around 2010, with its introduction of fuel cells based on scandium-stabilised zirconia ceramic electrolytes. Bloom has grown rapidly and now represents perhaps 80% of the world’s annual consumption of SCANDIUM, a paltry 25t or so of oxide in 2021.

And yet, despite these rickety foundations, SCANDIUM consumption is poised to grow dramatically in the next decade, buoyed by new sources of supply and sustained by demand-side innovation.

The supply side

Let’s start with supply. Until about 2018, most scandium was supplied as a by-product in China and Russia, from uranium and titanium processing. Since then, however, much has changed.
First, Sumitomo Metal Mining built and has now commissioned a scandium recovery circuit at its Tagano Bay nickel high pressure acid leach (HPAL) plant in the Philippines. This plant recovers scandium oxalate for processing into oxide (and probably into scandium-zirconium oxide particles destined for Bloom Energy) in Japan. The plant recovers 7-8tpy of scandium oxide and when commissioned increased global supply by around 40%. Capital costs were perhaps US$5M/t of scandium oxide.
Second, the Chinese integrated titanium producer Lomon Billions has established a 20-30tpy scandium oxide facility with the potential to increase to 50tpy. The company estimates up to 100tpy of scandium oxide are available in its titanium plants using the sulphate process.
Third, in 2021, Rio Tinto commenced scandium recovery from its Sorel Tracy plant in Québec, Canada. The pilot plant can supply 3tpy of scandium oxide and cost US$6M. The site has the ability to supply an estimated 50-60tpy of oxide based on current raw material feed.
Finally, UC Rusal has both commissioned a 3tpy pilot scandium oxide plant, recovering scandium oxide from red mud deposits, and also commenced marketing and selling a range of scandium alloys (branded “ScAlution” alloys) that boast enhanced performance at low (typically 0.1%) concentrations of scandium.
Plus, it is not only Rusal that has pioneered low-scandium alloys. In the USA, Eck Industries, a specialist aluminium casting house, is commercialising cerium-based alloys in which scandium, again at low loadings, could provide additional strength as well as much reduced post-cast processing requirements.
Looking further out, there are numerous scandium projects in development, many of which should come into production around the middle of the decade, thanks to two parallel forces.
The main driver for scandium, as for so many minor metals, is vehicle electrification. There are multiple operating and development projects utilising HPAL technology to recover and separate nickel and cobalt in laterite deposits, many of which can in principle recover scandium. While the moral of Tagano Bay is that for existing plants retrofitting can be costly and low yield, there are emerging projects in Australia that are designing scandium recovery into their circuits alongside nickel and cobalt. The potential output of scandium can range from 50-100tpy or more, depending on the project.
The second driver is the heightened concerns over supply chain security for critical metals. In the EU this has led to the “ScaVanger” programme to recover scandium from titanium waste streams. In the USA, red mud scandium recovery as well as by-product scandium stand to benefit.

The demand side

The demand side is a little more complicated but nonetheless extremely positive. Bloom’s power generation business continues to grow and has surely been reinforced by severe power disruptions in the past three years in California and Texas. Moreover, Bloom has now received initial approvals for maritime power generation (IMO regulations are forcing seagoing vessels to reduce dramatically their sulphur emissions, and Bloom can facilitate this change), and Bloom is also developing its technology to run in reverse, so to speak, as a generator of hydrogen. Critically, Bloom in the past five years has managed to bring its system costs and performance under control, removing any technology-related going-concern issues.
Scandium is also a strong candidate for RF antennas able to support 5G frequencies. A typical high-end cell phone may require 100 RF filters, and in the 5G frequency range, scandium aluminium nitride is being used as the active material in these filters (called “bulk acoustic wave,” or “BAW” filters).
Aerospace is a third area of application, and while commercial aviation likely remains years away from broad use of scandium alloys, near-term use in space and autonomous aircraft is an avenue for strong potential growth of scandium alloys. The cost to place 1kg in orbit has dropped dramatically but is still of the order of US$1,000/kg, so any system weight reductions can be extremely valuable.
Electric vehicles (EVs) also offer the potential for large volumes of scandium demand. Weight reduction is the obvious reason. Lux Research has estimated a 1kg weight saving in an EV will be worth US$5 in 2030. But a second consideration is overall product cost. Scandium can reduce or potentially even eliminate the need for post-casting heat treatments, which can in some instances double the cost of an as-cast part. Thus the savings from the use of scandium alloys, especially at low scandium loadings, can be large.
In addition, as EVs shift to heat pumps in their HVAC systems, scandium can support the implementation of aluminium radiators without adding substantial system volume (as discussed by CM Group in its 2018 scandium report).
Naturally, there are other opportunities for scandium. Achieving a robust aluminium alloy able to perform at 300°C could displace large amounts of titanium, and Eck’s alloys are closing in on this goal. Maritime applications, especially in the military arena but also in autonomous vessels and ferries, could embrace scandium thanks to its greatly enhanced anti-corrosion impact in aluminium. Passenger jets are also a market that is likely to happen at some point.

Most important, perhaps, is the fact that well financed firms have entered the market and are able to supply up to about 100tpy each. Supply at this level is all-but-certain to create demand, and in turn this should stimulate new supply. Scandium’s chicken-and-egg problem, in which lack of supply held back demand that in turn held back supply, has been reversed, with growing (and reliable) supply poised to stimulate actual demand, that in turn will pull through new supply, and transform scandium from “if” to “when”.

JANUARY 2023 National Defense Act Calls out NIOBIUM & TITANIUM & SCANDIUM & the need to establish a U.S. Industrial Base for the Supply & Processing of ALL!

https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220711/CRPT-117hrpt397.pd

SCANDIUM PAGE # 246 Briefing on the Establishment of Domestic Scandium Processing Facilities in the United States

The committee believes the United States industrial base for the supply and processing of the critical mineral scandium has significant vulnerabilities. The committee also believes that the United States should seek to eliminate dependence on Chinese and Russian sources of scandium, with support from allies and partners. Accordingly, public and private sectors should cooperate closely to establish scandium processing facilities in the United States. Therefore, the committee directs the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, to provide a briefing to the House Committee on Armed Services not later than May 1, 2023, on public and private sector activities, working with allied nations, to establish scandium processing facilities in the United States, especially facilities based on more efficient, cleaner, and less energy intensive technologies. This briefing will also include how these processing facilities will help the United States reduce dependence on and compete more effectively with China and Russia.
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MAY 2023 ~Exploring global supply and demand of scandium oxide in 2030 ~ (NIOCORP is Mentioned!)

Exploring global supply and demand of scandium oxide in 2030 - ScienceDirect

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Incorporation of scandium in materials has environmental benefits across multiple industrial sectors, particularly in decarbonization of energy. One pathway to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is to generate electricity using hydrogen or synthetic liquid fuels, which are more efficient than combustion engines and easily used in co-generation of electricity and heat (IEA, 2019). The functional technology is a fuel cell. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) produces electricity by oxidizing an energy carrier. The standard SOFCs produced by Bloom Energy are refrigerator-sized and input liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons (methane or biogas) to produce 100 kW of power. These cells process natural gas, biogas, or hydrogen to generate electricity with higher efficiency; up to two times higher compared to a gas-fired power station with efficiency of only 33–48% (Deepika et al., 2018). They are typically used to produce electricity and heat on-site for large buildings (Bloom Energy, 2021a). Currently, SOFC producers (e.g., Bloom Energy) utilize yttrium-stabilized zirconia and a scandia-stabilized zirconia in electrolytes; however, there are benefits of utilizing scandium over yttrium. Use of scandia-stabilized zirconia increases electro-conductivity and decreases operation temperature, resulting in higher efficiency and reliability (Deepika et al., 2018; Laguna-Bercero et al., 2009). Spurred by carbon reduction and global renewable energy initiatives, Bloom Energy is expanding its partnership worldwide (Bloom Energy, 2020, 2021b), resulting in increased demand in the SOFC market and scandium oxide required to produce SOFC boxes (Weinstein et al., 2018).
Scandium also has potential for light-weighting (alloys), which is important for improving fuel economy as it requires less energy to transport lighter materials. Currently, transportation contributes 27% to total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and 14% globally (EPA, 2022; IEA, 2022b). The Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards require vehicle manufacturers to continuously increase fuel efficiency (NHTSA, 2022). One approach is through light-weighting by replacing conventional aluminum alloy parts in vehicles with scandium alloys, potentially reducing 10% of vehicle mass and thus 6–8% of emissions (Joost, 2012). Given that the United States passenger vehicle emissions were 3.2 gigatonnes in 2020, this would translate to 0.2–0.3 gigatonnes of reduction (IEA, 2022a). In the United States, the Build Back Better agenda mandates 50% of new vehicles in 2030 must be EVs (The White House, 2021). To push emission reductions further than electric vehicle adoption, light-weighting should be considered. If legislation mandated regulation like Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards for EVs, there will be further reductions in energy demand. Lighter scandium alloys serve to reduce energy demand from transportation, which directly aids to mitigate climate change induced by automobiles.
Another example of light-weighting is for commercial airplanes. The bionic partition structure is a wall partition between crew members and passengers, which also serves as an emergency stretcher and foldable seating for crew members (Airbus, 2016). Current commercial airplane's partition structures are bulky and heavy, weighing approximately 63 kg (Lau, 2016). Airbus and AutoDesk collaborated and successfully produced a 30 kg bionic partition structure using Scalmalloy®, a proprietary aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy (APWORKS GmbH, 2015; Rhodes, 2015). Replacement of 4 conventional partition structures per A320 plane in commercial aircraft with Scalmalloy® structures could save up to 465,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year (Airbus, 2016).
Despite scandium's potential role in meeting future sustainability goals, historically and currently, scandium is under-utilized because of its low supply and high cost due to its nature as a by-product. Prices of scandium oxide ranged from $3,800–5,000 per kg from 2013 to 2020 (Gambogi, 2017, 2020, 2021), placing scandium among the most expensive elements in production. High prices and low supply are due in part to its production as a co-product - production is dependent on the demand of other primary metals it is mined with. For example, when there is an increase in scandium demand and price, supply does not respond instantaneously because producers need to increase production of the primary products. This leads to price volatility. Scandium oxide is produced as a co-product due to its sparse concentration in ore, which makes it uneconomical to mine alone. It has been extracted as a co-product with iron ore, other rare earths, titanium, and zirconium in China; uranium in Kazakhstan and Ukraine; apatite (phosphorus) and uranium in Russia; and nickel in the Philippines (Gambogi, 2021). The global production of scandium oxide was 14–23 tonnes (15–25 tons) per year in 2020 (Gambogi, 2021), which was small in comparison to 220,000 tonnes (240,000 tons) of global rare earths oxide per year (Cordier, 2022) and 68 million tonnes (75 million tons) of aluminum per year (Lee Bray, 2022).
Scandium appears to continue as a co-product in the future, for the most part. Mining companies expect scandium to be a minor co-product from mining other metals such as nickel, cobalt, titanium, niobium, etc. (Clean TeQ Holdings Limited, 2018; NioCorp Superalloy Materials, 2019; Platina Resource Limited, 2021; Wang et al., 2020). There is one exception in New South Wales, Australia by Scandium International Mining Corporation, whose primary product is scandium oxide (Scandium International Mining Corp, 2020). For consumption, SOFCs by Bloom Energy are the main scandium oxide consumer with 74% of total global consumption (CM Group, 2018). A typical Bloom Energy server box of 100 MW contains 13–15 kg of scandium oxide and costs $700,000–800,000 in 2010 (Ecclestone, 2020; Jenkins, 2010). Before subsidies, Bloom Energy servers cost approximately $0.14 per kilowatt-hour of electricity compared to $0.10 per kilowatt-hour of retail power price on the U.S. national grid (Helman, 2020). Although sufficient and reliable supply play an important role in other sectors (e.g., SOFCs, commercial aerospace), price is crucial in adoption in other sectors (e.g., sporting goods, beverage cans). Abstract continues....
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NIOCORP MANAGEMENT ON Jan. 31st, 2023, ~What were they doing in D.C. for 4-Days?~ "Working with White House officials on critical minerals issues. This Administration is working hard to help support environmentally responsible critical minerals projects like NioCorp’s Elk Creek Project in the great State of Nebraska. "~
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MAY 25th 2023 ~NioCorp Demonstrates Higher Niobium Recovery Rates New Processing Approach Demonstrates the Ability to Make More Niobium per Tonne of Ore, Produce a Higher Purity Product, and Potentially Address New Markets with Different Niobium Products

https://www.niocorp.com/niocorp-demonstrates-higher-niobium-recovery-rates/
Potential New Forms of Niobium Products and Potential Markets
NioCorp’s new process approach, which incorporates a chlorination step to improve niobium and titanium separation and purification, also has demonstrated NioCorp’s ability to potentially produce three different niobium products: (1) ferroniobium; (2) niobium chloride; and (3) niobium oxide.NioCorp had previously planned to make ferroniobium, which is used by the steel industry to produce high-strength low-alloy steel alloys. Those alloys are used in the construction, automotive and transport, aerospace and defense, oil and gas, and other industries. Niobium is a $3.3 billion per year global market but is currently served by only three major niobium producers in two countries.Niobium chloride would likely be converted by NioCorp into niobium oxide, but niobium chloride is also used in glass and ceramic manufacturing.Niobium oxide is critical to multiple applications, including niobium-lithium-ion batteries, superalloys, superconducting applications, capacitors, specialized optics, and many others. Its use in niobium-lithium-ion batteries is considered by current niobium producers as one of the fastest growing prospective global niobium markets
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MAY 26th 2023~NioCorp Demonstrates the Ability to Potentially Double Projected Titanium Recovery Rates for the Elk Creek Project

https://www.niocorp.com/niocorp-demonstrates-the-ability-to-potentially-double-projected-titanium-recovery-rates-for-the-elk-creek-project/

Demonstration Plant Shows New Recovery Process May Double NioCorp’s Titanium Production per Tonne of Ore as well as Produce a Higher Purity Product that May Command Higher Market Prices
CENTENNIAL, Colo. (May 26, 2023) – NioCorp Developments Ltd. (“NioCorp” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ:NB) (TSX:NB) is pleased to announce that it has successfully demonstrated an ability to potentially double the recovery of titanium from each tonne of ore the Company expects to mine at its Nebraska-based Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project (the “Project”), once project financing is obtained and the commercial plant is constructed. The new process is expected to produce a purer form of titanium that may command a higher price than is assumed in NioCorp’s June 2022 feasibility study for the Project (the “Feasibility Study”). NioCorp’s demonstration plant in Trois Rivieres, Quebec, has shown that the Company’s new and improved recovery process can likely achieve an 83.7% rate of overall titanium recovery to final product. This compares to a 40.3% titanium recovery rate in NioCorp’s previous process approach. This new result points to a potentially large increase in the amount of titanium that NioCorp can potentially produce at currently planned rates of mining

MAY 29th 2023~NioCorp Launches Phased Approach to Commercial Production of Made-in-America Aluminum-Scandium Master Alloy

https://www.niocorp.com/niocorp-launches-phased-approach-to-commercial-production-of-made-in-america-aluminum-scandium-master-alloy/

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AMES LAB COLLABORATION IN 2019!
NioCorp Partnering with Nanoscale Powders LLC to Explore the Possibility of Establishing the First US-Based Mine-to-Master-Alloy Vertically Integrated Production of the High-Performance MaterialNioCorp’s Potential Commercial Production of Al-Sc Master Alloy Could Launch Prior to the Company’s Planned Production of >100 Tonnes/Year of Scandium Oxide at its Proposed Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project in Nebraska and Would Use Scandium Produced at the Elk Creek Facility as well as From Other SourcesChina Now Dominates the Scandium World, but North America is Now Positioned to Emerge as a “Leading Scandium Producer,” says NioCorp CEO

MAY 29th 2023~ Jim/NIOCORP respond to question on recent Scandium News Release above:What comes to mind right off the bat is:

*A)"How is this Scandium AlSc master Alloy different than what Niocorp produced with IBC & AMES laboratory???"*Response:

"It is a different process that will be utilized. "

*B) Will this be a Patentable approach now moving forward? in conjunction with Nanoscale???*Response:

" Yes and yes. But we do not discuss the details of intellectual property matters except as required by law"

(\****This is very interesting indeed because a few years back Niocorp was not interested in patenting any such materials!)*
*C) IS NIOCORP still engaged with IBC, AMES & OTHER ENTITIES in regards to Scandium Alloy production & uses moving forward? and with the New Niobium & Titanium oxides as well!!!!
*Response:

"We are focusing on our partnership with Nanoscale on the production of AlSc master alloy, but we engaged with a number of parties on various elements of our scandium-aluminum master alloy business development. We are not working with IBC on niobium or titanium product development efforts."

(****SOUNDS LIKE OTHER COLLABORATIONS ARE ONGOING WITH POSSIBLE PRIVATE & GOVERNMENT ENTITIES?? OFF-TAKE AGREEMENTS & SO MUCH MORE! COULD BE IN PLAY AS THE MINE IS BUILT & NEARS PRODUCTION!!!!!!)

"ENGAGED WITH A NUMBER OF VARIOUS PARTIES!!!!"

FORM YOUR OWN OPINIONS & CONCLUSIONS ABOVE!

(Please Scroll down to see earlier Reddit POST ON GREEN HYDROGEN!)

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Chico